Abstract
Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with a complex pathogenesis and different exogenous and endogenous trigger factors. One important factor is the sensitization to inhalant and/or food allergens. The detection of total IgE and specific IgE antibodies to inhalant and/or food allergens is one central aspect in diagnosing atopic dermatitis, especially if skin prick tests are not feasible. Many patients are polysensitized, but not all sensitizations are of clinical relevance. The challenge is to identify the sensitizations with clinical relevance and to initiate suitable therapeutic options. In this article we go into detail for the allergens house dust mite, pollen, food, and Malassezia sympodialis. Furthermore, the authors comment on the impact of the detection of specific IgG/IgG4 antibodies in the diagnosis of food allergy in atopic dermatitis. Moreover, new options in the in-vitro diagnostic will be explained briefly and their actual diagnostic significance in patients with atopic dermatitis will be highlighted. These options are the detection of specific IgE antibodies to recombinant allergens and the allergen chip.
Highlights
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease and, together with allergic rhinitis, allergic bronchial asthma, and food allergy, belongs to the atopic diseases
In this article we go into detail for the allergens house dust mite, pollen, food, and Malassezia sympodialis
The authors comment on the impact of the detection of specific IgG/IgG4 antibodies in the diagnosis of food allergy in atopic dermatitis
Summary
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease and, together with allergic rhinitis, allergic bronchial asthma, and food allergy, belongs to the atopic diseases. A significant share of patients (50 – 80%, varying between studies) has IgE-mediated sensitizations against inhalant allergens and/or food allergens (sometimes associated with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, allergic bronchial asthma, or clinically relevant food allergy). This form of AD is called extrinsic. The values vary according to the patient’s age and gender [11, 22, 35] and are influenced by hormones, nicotine, and alcohol
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