In-vitro antifungal and anti-bacterial activity of chloroform extract from tubers of Aconitum laeve Royle: Endangered species, India

Abstract

IntroductionThe antifungal and antibacterial activity of chloroform extract from tubers of Aconitum laeve growing Jammu & Kashmir belts of Himalayan region was studied. Material and methodsIn the present study, to check the antimicrobial activities of chloroform extract for antifungal assay, disc diffusion method was used which was further evaluated for their antibacterial by well diffusion method. ResultsThe extract from the Aconitum laeve tubers has shown antifungal activity with 100% mycelia growth inhibition against Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium oxysporum was found to be 600 µg/mL; however, for Bipolaris maydis and Alternaria alternata at concentration of 1200 µg/mL. The IC50 showed a range from 298.6 µg/mL to 591.4 µg/mL as compared with standard fungicides (Amphotericin & Clotrimazole) with IC50 values ranging from 37.8 µg/mL to 65.3 µg/mL and 42.2 µg/mL to 102.7 µg/mL. The IC50 values showed a range from 313.2 µg/mL–613.4 µg/mL as compared to standard fungicides with IC50 values 39.6 µg/mL–47.3 µg/mL. The spore germination inhibition test revealed the chloroform extract as a potent inhibitor with IC50 values as 289.4 µg/mL, 315.7 µg/mL and 162.8 µg/mL for Alternaria alternata, Bipolaris maydis and Fusarium oxysporum. The Zone of Inhibition (ZOI) shown by essential oil against test bacterial strains at concentration of 600 µg/mL to Gram negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa (18.41 ± 0.03 mm), Escherichia coli (15.61 ± 0.09 mm), Salmonella typhimurium (10.72 ± 0.16 mm) Proteus vulgaris (15.27 ± 0.01 mm) and Gram positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis (13.89 ± 0.72 mm). At the same time, ZOI of standard antibiotic ciprofloxacin against test bacterial strains was Pseudomonas aeruginosa (09.6 ± 0.01 mm), Escherichia coli (14.3 ± 0.02 mm), Salmonella typhimurium (19.3 ± 0.13 mm), Proteus vulgaris (17.8 ± 0.12 mm) and Bacillus subtilis (20.6 ± 0.03 mm), respectively. ConclusionThis is the first report of biological activities on Aconitum leave.