Invitro and invivo examination for bioceramic degradation

Abstract

 Even after a century of regulated clinical usage, there is still a great deal we do not understand about the deteriorating mechanisms of ceramics. Crack propagation mechanisms in bioinert ceramics used in orthopaedics, such as zirconia and alumina, are well-known; however, their interactions with other degradation mechanisms (dissolution, wear, shocks, low-temperature degradation, etc.) and the in vivo environment must be thoroughly established. Dissolution–precipitation mechanisms in bioactive ceramics, such as bioactive glasses and calcium phosphates, have a substantial effect on both implant degradation and biological efficacy. Both bioactive and inert ceramic implants can degrade and interact with one another and their surroundings, and the purpose of this article is to offer an overview of these processes.