(Invited) Using Fast Scan Cyclic Voltammetry to elucidate the mechanism of action of Deep Brain Stimulation

Abstract

Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) is now an established neurosurgical therapy for variety of neurologic and psychiatric disorders. Investigations into the mechanism of action of DBS, using electrochemical recording techniques such as Fast Scan Cyclic Voltammetry (FSCV), has now demonstrated that DBS evokes release of neurotransmitter, including dopamine and adenosine depending on sites of stimulation. FSCV has been an established method for investigating neurochemical changes in animal models and is emerging as a potential method for monitoring neurotransmitter systems in humans undergoing DBS. At the Mayo Clinic, we have developed the WINCS (Wireless Instantaneous Neurotransmitter Concentration Sensing) system and its successor WINCS-Harmoni, a next generation device capable of combining brain stimulation with real-time neurochemical recording in vivo. Recently, we have also developed a novel technique termed multiple cyclic square wave voltammetry (M-CSWV) for quantifying tonic DA concentrations in vivo, which uses cyclic square wave voltammetric waveforms in conjunction with a delayed holding potential period to control adsorption. Here, a review of the technology development of WINCS and the use FSCV for elucidating the mechanism of action of DBS will be presented.