Abstract
Shape-changing hydrogels that can bend, twist, or actuate in response to external stimuli are critical to soft robots, programmable matter, and smart medicine. We show how specific DNA molecules can induce 100-fold volumetric hydrogel expansion by successive extension of cross-links. Up to centimeter-sized gels containing multiple domains that undergo different shape changes in response to different DNA sequences can be photopatterned. DNA molecules can be coupled to molecular sensors, amplifiers, and logic circuits. Using this coupling, soft devices that respond to diverse biochemical inputs and autonomously implement chemical control programs are developed.
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