Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are now being recognized as the third group of solvents, following water and organic solvents. They are easily available and possess unique properties such as nonvolatility, high thermal stability, and designability, which make it possible to use them on demand and under harsh conditions. Our study had been focused on understanding of the unique properties of ILs and on their utilization as neoteric solvents for innovative polymeric materials and devices1,2 that can help realize a sustainable society. ILs exhibit unique solubility toward polymers;1 this opens up a new field of intelligent materials chemistry. By utilizing the unique solubility, we have proposed soft materials containing ionic liquids, which we named “ion gels”.1,2 Ion gels are a novel platform for many applications such as electrolyte membranes for batteries3 and fuel cells,4 actuators,5 gas-separation membranes,6 and electric double layer transistors.7 Especially, due to the recent surge in flexible and wearable devices, highly durable ion gels have attracted much attention. In this lecture, I will address the recent advances in the development of ion gels that have healing functions against mechanical damages. As stimuli-responsive healing strategy, light- and thermally-induced healing of ion gels are discussed mainly based on block copolymer self-assenbly changes in ILs.8-10 Then, self-healable ion gels based on supramolecular11 and dynamic bond12 chemistry are addressed. By judicious designing of polymer nanostructures in ILs and interactions between polymer chains and IL cations and anions, tough, highly stretchable, and self-healable ion gels are recently demonstrated. References T. Ueki, T. M. Watanabe, Macromolecules, 41, 3739 (2008).Y. Kitazawa, K. Ueno, M. Watanabe, Chem. Record, 18, 391 (2018).Y. Kitazawa, K. Iwata, R. Kido, S. Imaizumi, S. Tsuzuki, W. Shinoda, K. Ueno, T. Mandai, H. Kokubo, K. Dokko, M. Watanabe, Chem. Mater., 30, 252 (2018).S.-Y. Lee, A. Ogawa, M. Kanno, H. Nakamoto, T. Yasuda, M. Watanabe, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132, 9764 (2010).S. Imaizumi, H. Kokubo, M. Watanabe, Macromolecules, 45, 401 (2012).A. Ito, T. Yasuda, T. Yoshioka, A. Yoshida, X. Li, K. Hashimoto, K. Nagai, M. Shibayama, M. Watanabe, Macromolecules, 51, 7112 (2018).M. Matsumoto, S. Shimizu, R. Sotoike, M. Watanabe, Y. Iwasa, T. Aida, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 139, 16072 (2017).R. Tamate, K. Hashimoto, T. Ueki, M. Watanabe, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 20, 25123 (2018).T. Ueki, R. Usui, Y. Kitazawa, T. Lodge, M. Watanabe, Macromolecules, 48, 5928 (2015).C. Wang, K. Hashimoto, R. Tamate, H. Kokubo, M. Watanabe, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 57, 227 (2018).A. Saruwatari, R. Tamate, H. Kokubo, M. Watanabe, Chem. Commun., 54, 13371 (2018).R. Tamate, K. Hashimoto, T. Horii, X. Li, M. Shibayama, M. Watanabe, Adv. Mater., 30, 1802792 (2018).
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