(Invited) Model-Based Battery Management System of Lithium-Ion Batteries

Abstract

The advances in the automotive sector for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) and battery electric vehicles (BEV) along with penetration of renewables for power generation, cell phones and electric-flights have increased the use of batteries, as energy storage devices to a great deal. Some limitations of existing lithium-ion battery technology include underutilization, stress-induced material damage, capacity fade, and the potential for thermal runaway.1-3 Model-based control approaches (Model predictive control) can be used to design a smarter Battery Management System (BMS) that guarantees safety, efficiency, lifetime and performance of lithium-ion batteries at the stack and module level.4-7 This talk will present approaches for determining model-based optimal charging profiles for batteries, and experimental validation of the same. Optimal profiles that increase the cycle life of the cells were implemented on 16 Ah cells. An improvement of more than 100% in cycle life is observed experimentally, for our test conditions on this cell design.8 To test across multiple chemistries and form factors, optimal profiles were also implemented on a 1.5 Ah cylindrical cell, leading to an improved cycle life for these cells. The interplay between the fundamental depth in modeling, choice of numerical algorithms, and application-driven problem formulation will be presented. Acknowledgements The work presented herein was funded in part by the Advanced Research Projects Agency – Energy (ARPA-E), U.S. Department of Energy, under Award Number DE-AR0000275 along with the Clean Energy Institute (CEI) at the University of Washington (UW) and the Washington Research Foundation. References P. Arora, R.E. White, and M. Doyle, Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 145, 3647 (1998).V. Ramadesigan, P.W.C. Northrop, S. De, S. Santhanagopalan, R.D. Braatz, and V.R. Subramanian, Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 159, R31 (2012).S. Santhanagopalan, Q. Guo, P. Ramadass and R.E. White, Journal of Power Sources, 156, 620 (2006).B. Suthar, P.W.C. Northrop, R.D. Braatz,and V.R. Subramanian Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 161, F3144 (2014).B. Suthar, V. Ramadesigan, P.W.C. Northrop, B. Gopaluni, S. Santhanagopalan, R.D. Braatz, and V.R. Subramanian, in American Control Conference (ACC), p. 5350, Seattle, WA, USA (2013).M. Torchio, L. Magni, R.D. Braatz, and D.M. Raimondo, in 11th IFAC Symposium on Dynamics and Control of Process Systems, including Biosystems, p. 827, Trondheim, Norway (2016).M. Torchio, N.A. Wolff, D.M. Raimondo, L. Magni, U. Krewer, R.B. Gopaluni, J.A. Paulson, and R.D. Braatz, in American Control Conference (ACC), p. 4536, Chicago, IL, USA (2015).M. Pathak, D. Sonawane, M. Powell, S. Santhanagopalan, R.D. Braatz, and V.R. Subramanian, ECS Transactions, 75, 51 (2017).