(Invited) Long-Term, in vivo Measurement of Biomarkers Using Molecular Switches

Abstract

Biosensors that can detect specific analytes – continuously, in vivo, in real time – would offer exciting capabilities for fundamental research and clinical medicine. However, their development has proven difficult due to biofouling, probe degradation and signal drift that often occur in vivo. In nature, evolution has solved similar problems through the use of nanostructures. By drawing inspiration from nature, we have developed a synthetic biosensor that can continuously detect specific target molecules - continuously, in vivo, in real time – for prolonged periods. Specifically, our system is stable for more than one month in undiluted serum in vitro, and retains excellent stability for multiple days, even when implanted in the blood vessel of live rats. In this way, our work provides a generalizable design foundation for a new generation of biosensors that can continuously operate in vivo for extended durations.