Abstract
Aqueous sodium-ion batteries are attractive battery alternatives for stationary energy storage due to their inherently low cost and high safety. The development of advanced electrode materials with excellent performance and low cost is crucial for the success of aqueous Na-ion batteries. Our group recently has studied several types of iron phosphate-based electrodes including NASICON and layered materials as promising anodes alternative for aqueous Na-ion batteries. We found these anodes can exhibit very fast ionic diffusion that enables the fast charging rate (up to 200C), long cycling life (6000 cycles), high capacity retention (~70%) and rate capability. In combination of electrochemical characterization and multimodal synchrotron X-ray scattering and spectroscopy methods, we further reveal the reaction mechanism associated with these high performance ionic conducting ceramics. Our work also underlines the importance of fabricating aqueous batteries on the basis of the Earth-abundant, cost- effective, and non-toxic elements.
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