Abstract
In this study, hierarchical dual pore surfaces have been developed by two-step anodizing of aluminum. The first anodizing has been carried out at 390 V in 2 wt% citric acid, and then, the resultant anodic film has been dissolved to disclose the scalloped aluminum substrate with a cell size of ~900 nm. Subsequently, the second anodizing has been carried out at 25 V in 0.3 mol dm-3 sulfuric acid electrolyte to generate smaller nanopores. The size of nanopores has been further controlled by pore-widening treatment in 5 wt% phosphoric acid at 303 K. After coating with a fluoroalkyl phosphate monolayer to reduce the surface energy, the dual pillar surfaces with enlarged nanopores show super-repellency even for rapeseed oil as well as for water.
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