(Invited) All Solid State Lithium Metal Batteries: Status, Prospects and Future

Abstract

Novel lithium metal polymer solid state batteries with nano CLiFePO4 , nano Li1.2V3O8 counter-electrodes (average particle size 200 nm) and NMC were studied for the first time by in situ SEM and impedance during cycling. The kinetics of Li-motion during cycling is analyzed self-consistently together with the electrochemical properties. We show that the cycling life of the nano Li1.2V3O8 is limited by the dissolution of the vanadium in the electrolyte, which explains the choice of nano C-LiFePO4 (1300 cycles at 100% DOD): with this olivine, no dissolution is observed. In combination with lithium metal, at high loading and with a stable SEI an ultrahigh energy density battery was thus newly developed in our laboratory. The electrochemical of new polymer with high voltage with NMC cathode material will show during this presentation. The commercial use of lithium metal batteries was delayed because of dendrite formation on the surface of the lithium electrode, and the difficulty finding a suitable electrolyte that has both the mechanical strength and ionic conductivity required for solid electrolytes. Recently, strategies have developed to overcome these difficulties, so that these batteries are currently an option for different applications, including electric cars. In this work, we review these strategies, and discuss the different routes that are promising for progress in the near future. We will explain the Gen 2 solid state lithium metal battery technology: from the laboratory to commercialization.