Abstract
We account for the late time acceleration of the Universe by extending the Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) color to a S U ( 3 ) invisible sector (IQCD). If the Invisible Chiral symmetry is broken in the early universe, a condensate of dark pions (dpions) and dark gluons (dgluons) forms. The condensate naturally forms due to strong dynamics similar to the Nambu–Jona-Lasinio mechanism. As the Universe evolves from early times to present times the interaction energy between the dgluon and dpion condensate dominates with a negative pressure equation of state and causes late time acceleration. We conclude with a stability analysis of the coupled perturbations of the dark pions and dark gluons.
Highlights
A confluence of cosmological data tell us that the Universe is currently accelerating
We present a model where Dark Energy (DE) emerges from an Invisible Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) (IQCD) sector due to the interaction of invisible pions and gluons which were present in the early Universe
It would be interesting to revisit the constraints on the coupling to the visible sector that is simultaneously consistent with dark-matter and DE. We find it intriguing that our model has the possibility of connecting late time acceleration to Dark Matter and will pursue this possibility in Ref. [22]
Summary
A confluence of cosmological data tell us that the Universe is currently accelerating (see e.g., Refs. [1,2,3] and references therein). While the data can be explained with a cosmological constant, it is possible that the Universe is dominated by a form of Dark Energy (DE) with a negative pressure barotropic index w ∼ −1. [16], on a physical mechanism similar to the one we developed here This mechanism led to a quasi-de Sitter expansion of the Universe, which inspired the analysis of this paper, by considering a fields backreaction (in the expanding Universe) that sources an effective cosmological constant. This is due to the interaction energy among the gauge hypercharge field and the fermion field. Through the consistency of the coupled field equations, this interaction energy naturally leads to late time acceleration and we find an interesting connection between the scale of CSB and the scale of DE
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