Abstract
Abstract Cities are growing both quantitatively and qualitatively. The quantitative development of a city can be identified with the spatial expansion and changes in the function of certain areas. The city's development, therefore, requires the reconstruction of the spatial layout, but also needs certain capital expenditures, as exemplified by industrial-technology parks (ITPs). ITPs are a combination of the infrastructure function and performance which enable the exchange of information between scientific organizations and entrepreneurs. They are, therefore, a pro-development component of the urban development strategy. The aim of the study is to identify and quantify selected costs and benefits, as well as estimate the effectiveness of establishing certain parks from the point of view of local government units. Industry parks and technology parks are diverse entities. Their general characteristics and types, based on a review of domestic and foreign literature, are presented in the first part of the work justifying the study. The second part introduces the industrial-technology parks which are present in Poland. In the third part of the study, the specificity of assessing the effectiveness of an industrial-technology park is described. Finally, the fourth part includes an analysis of investing in selected industrial-technology parks; the analysis consists of three phases: the identification of industrial and technological parks, the verification of the industrial-technology park with the legal and practical definition, and cost-benefit analysis. According to the Polish Agency of Information and Foreign Investment (PAIiIZ), industrial-technology parks focus primarily on filling the space with commercially efficient companies using modern technologies, attracting investment and creating jobs. All of these factors are taken into account in the analysis. The analysis is carried out according to the methodology of cost-benefit analysis (CBA) of investment projects. Despite the diversity and dynamics of the structural features of the parks, the analysis confirms that the investment of public funds in industrial and technological parks is generally efficient in terms of socio-economic development.
Highlights
Despite the diversity and dynamics of the structural features of the parks, the analysis confirms that the investment of public funds in industrial and technological parks is generally efficient in terms of socio-economic development
The quantitative development of a city can be identified with spatial expansion and changes in the function of certain urban or suburban areas
As external benefits occur in the case of industrial-technology parks, cost-benefit analysis should be applied in their evaluation despite some limitations (DROBNIAK 2012, p. 63)
Summary
Infrastructure is defined as basic devices and service institutions necessary for the functioning of the economy and society. The economic infrastructure enables the processes of production, trade and other forms of socioeconomic activity. It meets the material needs of the people. When infrastructure is effective and focused on meeting the needs of its users, it becomes a factor generating social prosperity as well as ensuring spatial links, creating opportunities for productive activity and generating jobs connected with designing, building and the exploitation of construction objects. Evaluation methods include the financial evaluation of a project, the assessment of its environmental impact, and economic and social evaluation (using cost-benefit analysis, CBA). As external benefits (which are a characteristic of infrastructure) occur in the case of industrial-technology parks, cost-benefit analysis should be applied in their evaluation despite some limitations The use of cost-benefit analysis to evaluate the projects stems from rational reasons, i.e. the occurrence of the defects of the market mechanism and defects in the mechanism of power in the economy (SAMUELSON, NORDHAUS, 1996, p. 233)
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