Abstract
Lab experiments related to artificial fog studies are limited due to instrument sensitivity to small fog and aerosol particles; therefore, the goal of this work is to evaluate aerosol solute effects on fog physical properties in a lab environment. To reach the goal, an automated fog-generating system was designed and that includes controlled chemical compounds dissolved in pure water. In the analysis, the impact of changing the mass concentration of potassium dihydrogen phosphate—KH2PO4, urea-CO(NH2)2, and potassium hexacyanoferrate trihydrate-K3(Fe(CN)6) on fog droplet size spectra is studied, because visibility is directly related to fog droplet spectra and aerosol composition. In the experiment, various microphysical conditions, including fog droplet size and volume concentration, were analyzed as a function of changing aerosol composition/spectra and fixed thermodynamic conditions. The results showed that fog droplet size spectra vary with the addition of chemical impurities to the pure water volume. For example, increasing KH2PO4 concentration compared to distilled water volume resulted in a higher mean particle size, which led to faster droplet settlement, and that resulted in cleaning air more efficiently compared to pure water fog. Overall, both issues and challenges of the experimental fog generating system with respect to water and aerosol solutions resembling CRBN (chemical, radiological, biological, and nuclear agents) characteristics are provided and evaluated.
Highlights
The impact of aerosols on the fog removal process occurring in lab environments can be applicable to real environmental conditions
The double distribution values are shown on the left y-axis, and the percentage of solution contribution to fog y-axes representing the cumulative and volumetric percentage of the respective spectral volume is given in right y-axis, for varying amounts of dissolved urea generated group versus particle diameter are provided
It is found that increasing the volume concentration of potassium hexacyanoferrate trihydrate (PHT) from 2.5% to 10% led to an increase of Vdt up to 5% when diameters > 30 μm
Summary
The impact of aerosols on the fog removal process occurring in lab environments can be applicable to real environmental conditions. Physical and chemical properties of aerosols affect droplet formation and size spectra, which are dependent on thermodynamical and dynamical conditions. Fog can be a natural or artificial phenomenon that has been studied extensively in the past [1]. It affects visibility [2,3], air quality, climate, agriculture [4], human health [5], firefighting, and transportation [2,6,7]. Artificially produced fog types can be studied for similar applications [6,7], plus applications to industrial processes. Fog with suitable additives has been used as a cleaning agent of chemical species generated by the military or terrorist actions, aviation accidents, or natural disasters
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