Abstract
Abstract We investigated structural, aging induced ferroelectric, piezoelectric and energy density properties of ceramic (Ba 0.70 Ca 0.30 )TiO 3 (BCT) capacitors that were prepared by the solid-state reaction method. According to X-ray (XRD) data, along with BaTiO 3 tetragonal peaks, CaTiO 3 rich orthorhombic peaks were also observed at room temperature. Raman scattering gives evidence for the formation of oxygen vacancies in BCT due to partial migration of Ca 2+ into Ti 4+ site. Abnormal double like hysteresis polarization-electric field ( P – E ) loops were observed at room temperature for naturally aged BCT ceramics. Strain-electric field ( S – E ) loops confirm piezoelectric behavior. Room temperature (300 K) charge curve and discharge curve energy densities [( Ed ) c ∼ 0.35 (before aging) 0.39 J/cm 3 (aged)], [( Ed ) d ∼ 0.20 (before aging) 0.24 J/cm 3 (aged)], respectively, at a maximum electric field ∼50 kV/cm. The bulk BCT materials have shown interesting energy densities with good energy storage efficiency (∼58% before aging, ∼61% after aging) suggesting they might be strong candidates for high energy density capacitor applications.
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