Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) are the 2, 3 and 4 carbon saturated monocarboxylic acids produced in the human colon by bacterial enzymatic breakdown of dietary fibre, undigested starch, and non-absorbed simple carbohydrates. They provide an important energy source for the colon and are metabolized both locally and systemically. During the past decade many studies have investigated the structural and physiologic effects of SCFA on the colon in various animal species. More recently, important physiologic studies have been performed in humans. Additionally, the exogenous administration of SCFA to humans, particularly for those with proctosigmoiditis has been investigated. This report briefly reviews recent information concerning the physiologic effects of SCFA with particular relevance to humans. Additionally, the exogenous administration of SCFA for radiation proctitis and the possible protective role of SCFA in ulcerative colitis is discussed. Finally, suggestions for further SCFA research in humans are provided.
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