Abstract
The development of modern world reveals that the world is facing an energy crisis due to the depletion of fossil fuel reserves. Biodiesel is renewable bioenergy made from vegetable oils, microalgae oil, and animal fats. The study involved adding 3,000 parts per million (ppm) of clove oil as an additive to the biodiesel. An endurance test was then conducted on a Compression Ignition (CI) engine for a duration of 100 hours, using three different fuel samples: pure diesel fuel (D100), a blend of 30% biodiesel and 70% diesel fuel (B30), and a blend of biodiesel with 3,000 ppm of clove oil (3000 ppm). The study analysed the effects of the fuel samples on carbon emissions from a CI engine. The results show that carbon monoxide (1.69%) is reduced in B30 and (7.49%) is reduced in CL3000 ppm. Carbon dioxide (7.97%) in B30 and 12.59% in CL3000 ppm are also reduced. Further particulate diesel engine emissions using biodiesel and clove oil-blend fuel samples were investigated. It was found that PM emissions were reduced when using clove oil-blend fuel.
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