Investigation onto the correlation between systemic antibodies to surface glycoproteins of infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) and protective immunity

Abstract

Infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) is an alphaherpesvirus that causes upper respiratory tract disease in chickens and significant losses to the poultry industry worldwide. Both antibody and cell-mediated responses are generated against ILTV infection; however, the correlation of humoral immune response with protection against ILTV infection is debatable. To examine if whether antibody responses to individual ILTV glycoproteins are correlated with disease and protection, four ILTV glycoproteins (gD, gE, gG and gJ) were expressed as recombinant proteins and used in conjunction with commercially available recombinant gC and gI in indirect ELISAs to measure post-vaccination and/or post-challenge chicken serum antibodies. Serum optical density (OD) values detected by the whole virus, gC, gI and gJ were significantly higher in birds vaccinated with the Serva vaccine strain compared to the SA2 vaccine strain. However, the mean ODs detected by gD, gE and gG were not significantly different between the vaccine strains. Examination of post-ILTV vaccination sera found that gE was the most antigenic glycoprotein and that gC ODs were strongly correlated with those of gI and gJ, while ODs to gG had a relatively poor correlation with those of other glycoproteins. Moderate to poor correlations were found between microscopic tracheal lesion scores and ODs to individual glycoproteins. Examination of post-vaccination pre-challenge antibodies to individual glycoproteins did not find a strong correlation with protective immunity as measured by the severity of clinical signs, gross lesions, and tracheal viral load. Results from this study demonstrated that systemic antibody titers to individual ILTV glycoproteins C, D, E, G, I and J had a relatively poor correlation to protective immunity.