Abstract
Bark on trees protects the plant against environmentally adverse conditions as well as fungi and insect attacks. There are different chemical substances, mostly in the outer bark of trees, which can stop fungi from developing. Bark as a by-product of wood plantations is available in high quantity and can serve as an excellent source for the production of eco-fungicides. In the presented article, bark of various poplar clones from two short-rotation coppices (SRC) in Poland and Germany was examined to determine the chemical composition, the possible extraction of potential fungicides (terpenes, aromatic and phenolic substances), and influence of their extracts on slowing the growth of mold fungi. It was proved that the content of the fungicidal substances depends strongly on the clone type. Two methods of extraction—Soxhlet and batch—were compared to obtain fungicidal extracts. Fungicidal substances were found in extracts gained with both approaches. Triterpenes, fatty acids, aldehydes, and alcohols were primarily the active fungicides in the Soxhlet extracts, whereas phenolic substances act as fungicides in the batch extracts.
Highlights
Wood, as a sustainable natural material, is susceptible to biological degradation by fungi
Catechol and salicylic alcohol are the dominating phenolic phytochemicals in extracts of clones AF2, AF16, AF18, and Vesten of Poland. These compounds have already been described in the literature as the main components of poplar bark extracts [29]
Using a sequential extraction with solvents of different polarity, it was found that the bark of poplar clones from short-rotation coppices (SRC) contains different potential fungicides
Summary
As a sustainable natural material, is susceptible to biological degradation by fungi. Preservation of wood-based products is a crucial step in the manufacturing of wood and plant-based materials to ensure the quality, both mechanically and aesthetically. An essential aspect of the production of eco-friendly material with the potential of entering the market is resource availability. The raw material sources must be local and abundant. One such resource is by-products of wood plantations, mostly in the form of bark [5]. A thorough examination of the potential fungicidal substances in various hybrids was necessary. Another aspect is the profitability of the extraction and application of the extracts. This requires processes that can be implemented using environmentally compatible solvents
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