Abstract
There is a growing demand for silos with large diameters and volumes; hence, the stresses induced by the temperature differences between the inner and the outer surfaces of the concrete walls of the large silos become significant. Sunshine is the main source of the temperature differences; and it is necessary to investigate the influences of sunshine on large concrete silos and ensure their safety and durability. In this paper, the temperature distribution of a concrete silo exposed to the sunshine was measured on site. A finite element (FE) model was built to analyze the temperature distribution under the sunshine, and the FE model was validated by comparing the yielded temperature field with that obtained on site. Based on the temperature field yielded in the FE model, the internal forces of the silo were determined by performing a structural analysis. After that, the FE model was extended and used for a parametrical study, and the influences induced by the factors like meteorological parameters, dimension of silos, and reference temperature on the temperature effects of the silo were investigated. The simulation results showed that the temperature gradient exhibited significant nonlinearities along the wall thickness. The performance of a steady-state analytical method was evaluated, which is conventionally used for the design of silos. It was found that, for the silos with the thicknesses of more than 30 centimeters, the steady-state method overestimated the temperature effects. It is suggested here that nonlinear temperature gradients should be employed for considering the temperature effects of large silos.
Highlights
Large-diameter concrete silos are sensitive to environmental conditions, e.g., temperature stresses induced by sunshine and the high temperature stored material
With the demands for capacities of the silos, the diameters and wall thicknesses of silos become large and the temperature gradients between inner and outer surfaces of the silo walls are severe under solar radiation and high temperature stored material
The results showed that the hoop force generated by the temperature difference of the silo was 6 ∼ 8 % of the maximum static pressure imposed by the stored material
Summary
Large-diameter concrete silos are sensitive to environmental conditions, e.g., temperature stresses induced by sunshine and the high temperature stored material. The results showed that the hoop force generated by the temperature difference of the silo was 6 ∼ 8 % of the maximum static pressure imposed by the stored material. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, very few researches adopted transient method for investigating the temperature effects of largediameter concrete silos under sunshine. The performance of the traditional steady-state method, should be evaluated while being used for design large-scale silos. The non-uniform temperature effects are compared with results obtained with the traditional steady-state analysis method. Main factors [26] of temperature effects are determined, which provides references for the structural design of large-diameter concrete silos
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