Abstract
Roof collapse of mining roadways has always been key in the studies of the surrounding rock control. One of the critical factors lies in the roof separation and horizontal displacement which led to the cable bolt shear rupture, resulting in the roof fall. This study investigates the roof collapse accident that occurred at the No.15028 tailgate of XinJing coal mine in China. In-situ observations, numerical simulation and laboratory test are conducted to analyse the gradual deterioration of the roof strata. The field observation of the fractures, separations, pretension load and rock bolts loading are conducted during the process of separation. The analysis results indicate that owing to the torque value of rock bolts below 150 N·m (pretension load was 29 kN) and incompatibility of reinforcement fittings of rock bolts, the pretension load failed to solidify the surrounding rocks effectively. Obvious separations were identified at rock depths ranging from 0 to 2.6 m. Simulation results revealed that different flexural deflections caused horizontal displacement in rocks, which is positively correlated with the vertical separation. In weak interlayers of rocks, the severe horizontal displacements led to shear fracture of cable bolts, resulting in roof collapse. An increasing rock bolt pretension load can reduce the horizontal displacement of the rock stratum beyond the anchorage zone, which can lower the shear force of cable bolts by 30% and reduce the shear fracture risk of the cable bolts. Mechanical compatibility tests of the surrounding rock support system are conducted to develop a practical and reasonable reinforcement fittings to increase the pretension load of the rock bolts. Based on the research, a series of control methods are developed to enhance the roof stability. The field tests proved that the newly proposed methods can effectively improve the stability of the roof and eliminate roof collapses.
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