Abstract
In recent decades, early warning systems to predict the occurrence of landslides using tilt sensors have been developed and employed in slope monitoring due to their low cost and simple installation. Although many studies have been carried out to validate the efficiency of these early warning systems, few studies have been carried out to investigate the tilting direction of tilt sensors at the slope surface, which have revealed controversial results in field monitoring. In this paper, the tilting direction and the pre-failure tilting behavior of slopes were studied by performing a series of model tests as well as two field tests. These tests were conducted under various testing conditions. Tilt sensors with different rod lengths were employed to investigate the mechanism of surface tilting. The test results show that the surface tilting measured by the tilt sensors with no rods and those with short rods located above the slip surface are consistent, while the tilting monitored by the tilt sensors with long rods implies an opposite rotational direction. These results are important references to understand the controversial surface tilting behavior in in situ landslide monitoring cases and imply the correlation between the depth of the slip surface of the slope and the surface tilting in in situ landslide monitoring cases, which can be used as the standard for tilt sensor installation in field monitoring.
Highlights
Landslides frequently occur around the world every year and pose a large threat to people’s lives and property
The behavior of the tilt sensor rods represents the behavior of the soil in a landslide mass because the tilt sensors are embedded without rods represents the behavior of the soil in a landslide mass because the tilt sensors are in the soil and small enough to ignore their effect on the soil properties
As illustrated in the data collected, the tilting angle shows an abrupt increasing trend as the landslide developed, and the position of the tilt sensors and of the sensors shows an abrupt increasing trend as the landslide developed, and the position of the the landslide-triggering factors do not affect the trend in the change in tilting angle obtained by the tilt sensors and the landslide-triggering factors do not affect the trend in the change in tilting angle tilt sensors
Summary
Landslides frequently occur around the world every year and pose a large threat to people’s lives and property. Typical methods for landslide prevention, such as retaining walls and ground anchors, have been employed to reduce the damage caused by landslides. These typical methods are costly and not suitable for a large number of slopes with potential risks of failure. Some early warning systems have been proposed based on the correlation between the rainfall intensity and risk of landslides [1,2,3,4]. The relationship between the soil moisture content and stability of slopes is abstruse
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
