Abstract
Red mud (RM) used as a flux to decrease coal ash fusion temperature (AFT) has great economic and environmental attractions. The effects of Bayer RM (BRM) and Sintering RM (SRM) on the AFTs of high silicon-aluminum coal (Jiaozuo coal (ZJ)) or high aluminum coal (Pingsuo coal (PS)) were investigated by X-ray fluorescence analysis, X-ray diffraction, and FactSage calculation. With increasing BRM/SRM mass ratio, the AFTs of JZ or PS mixture firstly decreased quickly and then slowly. When ash flow temperatures were decreased to <1400 °C, for ZJ mixtures, the mass ratio of BRM or SRM should not be <1.38% or 0.65%; while for PS, BRM or SRM should not be <2.76% or 1.81%, respectively. SRM lower AFT’s of two coals compared to the addition of BRM resulted from that SRM higher CaO content (20.12 wt%) than that of BRM (8.87 wt%), and its lower A/B value (1.15) than BRM (1.53). The increasing contents of Na2O, Fe2O3, and CaO inhibited high melting-point (MP) mullite formation and prompted the formations of low MP albite, hercynite, and anorthite with increasing RM mass ratio. This caused the respective decrease in the AFTs. The mineral evolution based on FactSage calculation could explain the AFT changing trend with increasing BRM or SRM mass ratio.
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