Investigation on Performance Characteristics of Wearable Textile Patch Antenna

Abstract

The production of elements and equipment that individuals can carry in their pockets or even attach to their bodies as an integral part of their clothes is being encouraged by the enormously increased shrinking of electronic devices and the massive development in wearable computing technology. Wearable antennas built onto garments are now necessary for uninterrupted communication to occur. A wearable antenna’s design and development must take four criteria into mind. When the antenna is worn as part of clothing and is in close contact with the human body, it must first perform as the intended radiator. To maintain successful and efficient communication, there should be very little variation, or rather deviation, in the operation of these wearable antennas when operating close to body tissues. There are further restrictions, though, when making an antenna genuinely wearable. The ability to be emblazoned more easily than traditional antennas is one requirement for textile antennas. If anything can simultaneously bend in all directions, it is said to be drapable. The wearable antenna can be made truly drapable by using cutting-edge materials or methods. Last but not least, full integration of these components into the fabrics at the point of production is required if wearable antennas are to revolutionise the commercial market. Patch antennas are useful for measuring some physical events because of their tiny size, which allows them to be integrated into small devices. The constant measurement and transmission of various bio signals from the human body medical devices is one of the main uses of patch antennas. The wearer’s comfort and safety can be increased by integrating this kind of bio-sensor with a patch antenna into clothing for continuous monitoring. Due to their small size, excellent flexibility, and ease of incorporation into clothes, textile antennas are useful for wireless communications. The goal of the current effort is to create a body-worn textile antenna operating at 2.4 GHz that is appropriate for the ISM band. Since wearable antenna must always be worn on the body, all antennas are also examined in bending and flat skin conditions. A body phantom model with various dielectric layers, such as muscle, fat, and skin, each with its own dielectric constant and thickness, was employed for this. The power that is returned to it is absorbed by the human body, a lossy medium. These back radiations raise body temperature and speed up particular absorption, which is bad for the user and hazardous. EBG is employed to reduce the back radiation and an enhanced SAR is seen, which allays this worry in the case of a bent antenna.