Abstract
Flexible perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have received increasing attention in wearable and portable devices over the past ten years. The low-temperature process of electron transport layer plays a key role in fabricating flexible PSCs. In this paper, we improve the performance of flexible PSCs by controlling the thermodynamic procedure in the low-temperature annealing process of solution-processed TiO2 layers and modulating the precursor concentration of (6,6)-phenyl c61 butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM) deposited on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO)/TiO2 substrate. The results show that slowing down evaporation rate of residual solvent and adopting PC61BM of appropriate precursor concentration are confirmed to be effective methods to improve the performance of flexible PSCs. We also demonstrate carbon electrode-based flexible PSCs. Our work expands the feasibility of low temperature process for the development of flexible perovskite photodetectors and light-emitting diodes, as well as flexible PSCs.
Highlights
Organometal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have aroused great interest in academia and industries [1,2,3,4,5]
(1) Giving the heating mode, we determine three kinds of annealing procedures (Process 1): (a) The annealing temperature was directly raised to 150 ◦ C (Direct method); (b) The annealing temperature was raised from room temperature to 150 ◦ C at rate of 8 ◦ C/min (Proportional method); (c) The as-grown nano TiO2 layer had been delayed for one hour before the annealing temperature was raised from room temperature to 150 ◦ C at rate of 8 ◦ C/min (Delayed method); (2) Based on Process 1(c), we demonstrated an interface modifying procedure (Process 2): Depositing PC61 BM of different precursor concentration (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 mg/mL) on nano TiO2 layer by spin-coating at 1500 rpm for 30 s
We investigate the effect of low temperature process of conventional TiO2 -based
Summary
Organometal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have aroused great interest in academia and industries [1,2,3,4,5]. The environmental issues concerning the footprint of PSC manufacturing processes are of great importance [6]. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of flexible PSCs has rocketed to 18.4% [10]. There are many papers on low fabrication oxide. Wang et al adopted solution-processed amorphous WOX as electron selective layer for PSCs [1], and Eze et al Fabricated efficient planar PSCs using solution-processed amorphous WOX /fullerene C60 as electron extraction layer [2]. We use TiO2 as electron transport layer (ETL).
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