Abstract
Manhole cover is an important device of urban drainage infrastructures. The hydraulic characteristics of turbine-type manhole covers were studied through numerical simulations and physical experiments. The flow field characteristics and water surface were investigated. The drainage process is divided into two parts: free flow regime and submerged flow regime. Numerical and experimental results are in good agreement. It is indicated that the depth of water is constant in the later stage of unstable free drainage, while it changes with time and determines the discharge under the subsequent unstable submerged drainage condition. The influence of the depth on discharge is mainly reflected in the submerged drainage stage, in which period the discharge is linearly related to the square root of the depth. While in free flow regime, the discharge is affected by volume fraction of water with second order. The correlation between the depth and the discharge in the process of submerged flow is proposed based on dimensional harmony principle. With the characteristic of massive discharge, the design of turbine-type manhole cover provides one more choice in urban drainage construction.
Highlights
In urban drainage systems, manhole covers connect the surface runoff with urban drainage network, and effectively filter floating objects and other impurities in rainwater [1,2]
The hydraulic characteristics and influence factors of turbine-type manhole cover were analyzed through numerical simulations
A physical experiment was carried out to study the hydraulic characteristics of turbine-type manhole cover, and the corresponding relationships between the depth and discharge were obtained through model test
Summary
Manhole covers connect the surface runoff with urban drainage network, and effectively filter floating objects and other impurities in rainwater [1,2]. Manhole covers can be mainly divided into three categories, including horizontal drainage, vertical drainage and mixed drainage [3]. This kind of manhole cover has many advantages, such as convenient installation and high pressure enduring capacity. Due to its large orifice, it has limited function on intercepting ground debris, which causes blockage of drainage systems and greatly reduces the drainage capacity [4,5]. Carty et al experimentally investigated the effect of the passage of debris sediments across sewer structures [6]
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