Abstract
In this paper, an intuitive approach to assessing advantages of beamforming in 5G wireless communication is proposed as a novel try and practical demonstration of importance of alignment between the transmitter’s and receiver’s beams working in millimeter-wave frequency bands. Since the diffraction loss of millimeter-wave signals matters seriously in propagation, the effects of the misalignment and alignment between beams need to be checked for, which was conducted with a horn antenna and the 4 × 4 Butler matrix which mimic the relationship of the base station and handset antennas. Designing and using the microstrip-line and the substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) Butler matrices, RF-to-RF wireless connectivity between the horn and the microstrip line beamformer as case 1 and the horn and the SIW beamformer as case 2, concerning the changing angle of the beam from either of the two Butler matrices, was tested, showing over 12 dB enhancement in received power. This direct electromagnetic link test was accompanied by examining 64-QAM constellations for beam-angle changing from −30° to +30° for the two cases, where the error vector magnitude in the QAM-diagram becomes less than 10% by beam-alignment for the changing angle.
Highlights
The 5th generation (5G) mobile communication is featured by technological fascination such as several Gbps data transfer-rate, low latency and low interference [1,2,3]
As of the 5G mobile era and years to come, the beamforming capability of beamforming antennas in millimeter-wave bands is emphasized for high data-transmission rates and low interference
The telecommunication system is an integrated structure of a great number of components, and it may not be easy and clear to relate the properties of the beamforming antenna as an element directly to the eventual quality of the communication function by the system
Summary
The 5th generation (5G) mobile communication is featured by technological fascination such as several Gbps data transfer-rate, low latency and low interference [1,2,3]. Roh et al mentioned above to make a 1-by-4 array on the side of the handset [16] This LTCC antenna is added to a planar Quasi-Yagi array to work at two frequencies. They were treated with no barrier such as a housing. Lee et al designed an SIW millimeter-wave antenna and added LTE-A MIMO antennas on the same metal plane [17] They strategized reducing the footprints of low-frequency multiple antennas not to disrupt the 5G beamforming block. According to the change in the angle of the beam from either of the Butler matrices, 64-QAM constellations were plotted, and the misaligned beam in the wireless link resulted in very blurry pictures of digital symbol error nsors 2021, 21, x FOR PEER REVIEW recorded for beam misalignment and alignment.
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