Abstract
Veterinary drug residues, particularly traces of β2-agonists, can cause various kinds of harmful impact to the environment and public health. Here, a sensitive chemiluminescence (CL) method incorporated with a flow injection analysis is developed for the determination of two β2-agonists [i.e., salbutamol (SAL) and terbutaline (TEB)]. The system is based on the CL reaction of Ni(IV) complex with luminol in alkaline solutions, whereas SAL and TEB can significantly enhance CL intensities. Under optimum conditions, CL intensities are proportional to the SAL and TEB concentration in the range of 1.0 × 10−9 M to 5.0 × 10−7 M and 1.0 × 10−9 M to 1.0 × 10−7 M, respectively. The limits of detection (3σ) are 1.0 × 10−11 M for TEB, and 1.3 × 10−11 for SAL respectively. Relative standard deviations (n = 11) are less than 2% for 5.0 × 10−8 M SAL and TEB. Possible reaction mechanisms for the CL system are suggested based on the CL system spectra, Ni(IV) complex oxidation characteristics, and electron spin resonance (ESR) techniques. The proposed method has been applied to the analysis of urine and swine feed samples with satisfactory results.
Highlights
IntroductionDetection for TEB include HPLC [10,11,12], and electrochemistry [13], etc
The proposed new CL detection system based on the CL reaction of Ni(IV) complex with luminol incorporated with flow injection can be successfully used for salbutamol and terbutaline determination in incorporated with flow injection can be successfully used for salbutamol and terbutaline determination urine and swine feed
Complementing current methodologies, the newly developed analytical method is more sensitive and experimental costs are lower than the HPLC and LC/MS/MS
Summary
Detection for TEB include HPLC [10,11,12], and electrochemistry [13], etc. Many of these analytical techniques are expensive or require time-consuming derivatization steps. Several chemiluminescence systems has been successfully used in determination for SAL and TEB in. 3[Fe(CN)6] [18,19], H2O2 [20], and Cu(III) complex [21], others are such as Immunoassay. Over the thelast lastfew few years, of research our research effort hasdevoted been devoted to theofstudies of reactions by an unusual oxidation states of transition metal complexes (UTMC), Ag(III). The Ag(III) complex can react with luminol (Lu) to produce CL, which has
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