Abstract
The zigzag line defect (ZLD) formed in the stir zone (SZ) affects the microstructural and mechanical properties of the materials welded by friction stir welding (FSW). In this research, the cause of ZLD formation in the FSW of SS304 steel was analyzed. The results showed that this defect is formed under incomplete penetration conditions. Under such conditions, oxygen enters the SZ from the incomplete penetration site and linearly creates micro- and nano-voids of metal oxides. The formed oxide voids had high hardness, but due to crack nucleation, they showed low fracture toughness.
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