Investigation of Various Cross-Linking Methods for the Immobilization of Cytosine Arabinoside on Bacterial Magnetosomes

Qinglei Dai,Yiming Ma,Ranjith Kumar Kankala,Yuangang Liu,Shibin Wang

doi:10.1155/2017/6738484

Abstract

Bacterial magnetosomes (BMs) have emerged as potential drug delivery vehicles, possessing an iron oxide or iron sulfide core surrounded by a natural lipid membrane shell. In this study, we immobilized cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) effectively on BMs by using various methods such as direct absorption (ABMs), and others include different cross-linkers such as genipin (GP) and glutaraldehyde (G). A well-dispersed Ara-C coupled bacterial magnetosomes resulted in significantly higher negative charge than that of naked BMs (−11.5±0.3 mV) confirming the drug loading. Out of all methods, direct absorption process led to the highest encapsulation efficiency and drug loading of88.2±4.3% and46.9±1.2%, respectively. These designs have shown the long-term drug release behavior without an initial burst release. Our results indicate that BMs-based nanoconjugates will potentially find widespread applications in pharmaceutical field.

Highlights

The explosive growth of utilization of nanotechnology for the preparation of delivery systems has led to the great progress in the field of medicine [1]
Charged bacterial magnetosomes (BMs) are one of the most efficient magnetic nanoparticles intended for the delivery of various bioactive moieties [16, 17]
In regard of designing the drug delivery carrier, BMs do not require any external modification/surface functionalization to improve the drug loading efficiency unlike that required for other magnetic nanoparticles

Summary

Introduction

The explosive growth of utilization of nanotechnology for the preparation of delivery systems has led to the great progress in the field of medicine [1]. In. Scheme 1: Graphical illustration showing the Ara-C immobilization on BMs through various methods and their resultant end products, (a) genipin (GP) cross-linker (ABMs-GP), (b) glutaraldehyde (G) cross-linker (ABMs-G), and (c) direct absorption method (ABMs). Scheme 1: Graphical illustration showing the Ara-C immobilization on BMs through various methods and their resultant end products, (a) genipin (GP) cross-linker (ABMs-GP), (b) glutaraldehyde (G) cross-linker (ABMs-G), and (c) direct absorption method (ABMs) Another instance, BMs have been used as vectors for the chemotherapeutic drug conjugation, that is, methotrexate (MTX), which has shown exceptional loading and in vitro release behavior of MTX [25]. We investigate the release behavior of antitumor drug Ara-C from BMs nanoconjugates

Materials and Methods

Results and Discussion

Conclusions