Abstract
Vanadium containing sludge is a by-product of vanadium pentoxide obtained by hydrometallurgical methods from vanadium slag that can be estimated as a promising technogeneous raw material for vanadium production. The phase analysis of vanadium-containing sludge by the X-ray diffraction method showed that it contains vanadium in spinel form (FeO∙V2O3). The various oxidation roasting methods for sludge treatment were studied for increasing vanadium extraction into the solution. It showed that the most effective additive is 1% CaCO3 at a roasting temperature of 1000 °C. Oxidation roasting of vanadium-containing sludge with the additive led to an increase in the acid-soluble form of V2O5 from 1.5% to 3.7% and a decrease in the content of FeO∙V2O3 from 3% to 0.4%. These results confirm the efficiency of the application of oxidation roasting to convert vanadium compounds into acid-soluble forms. The conversion mechanism of spinel to acid-soluble phases during oxidation roasting with additives was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis and thermodynamic simulation. It showed that the formation of acid-soluble calcium vanadates during oxidation roasting without additives occurs at temperatures above 800 °C while CaCO3 addition allows one to reduce this temperature to 600 °C.
Highlights
Vanadium is one of the most important strategic metals widely used in various industries such as metallurgy, chemical, aerospace, medicine, etc. [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]
Vanadium containing sludge is a by-product of vanadium pentoxide obtained by hydrometallurgical methods from vanadium slag that can be estimated as a promising technogeneous raw material for vanadium production
The various oxidation roasting methods for sludge treatment were studied for increasing vanadium extraction into the solution
Summary
Vanadium is one of the most important strategic metals widely used in various industries such as metallurgy, chemical, aerospace, medicine, etc. [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]. The main raw materials for vanadium extraction are titanomagnetite ores [11,12,13,14,15]. (EVRAZ) is the main manufacturer of vanadium in Russia, which produces about 17 thousand tons of vanadium per year (in terms of vanadium in vanadium slag) [22]. The Evraz Group includes three plants manufacturing vanadium production, namely EVRAZ KGOK, EVRAZ NTMK and EVRAZ Vanady Tula. EVRAZ KGOK produces vanadium concentrate from titanomagnetite ore. EVRAZ NTMK manufactures vanadiumcontaining slag according to the following flowsheet: pig iron with a high content of vanadium is produced by smelting in a blast furnace with subsequent treatment in a basic oxygen furnace using oxygen blowing. EVRAZ Vanady Tula produces commercial vanadium pentoxide by hydrometallurgical processing of vanadium slag and ferrovanadium using pyrometallurgical processing of vanadium pentoxide
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