Abstract
Planting resistant cultivars is the most economical and effective measure to control wheat stripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), but the cultivars often lose their resistance due to the emergence of new physiological races. The UV‐B‐irradiated urediospores of the Pst physiological race CYR32 in China were inoculated on wheat cultivar Guinong 22 for screening virulence‐mutant strains. CYR32 and mutant strains (CYR32‐5 and CYR32‐61) before and after UV‐B radiation were used to conduct urediospore morphological and histopathological observations and an investigation of epidemiological components. The results showed that UV‐B radiation affected the urediospore morphology of each strain. UV‐B radiation inhibited urediospore invasion and hyphal elongation, which mainly manifested as decreases in germination rate, quantities of hyphal branches, haustorial mother cells and haustoria and hyphal length. After wheat cultivar Mingxian 169 was inoculated with the UV‐B‐irradiated urediospores, the incubation period was prolonged, and the infection efficiency, lesion expansion rate, total sporulation quantity and area under the disease progress curve were reduced. The results demonstrated that CYR32‐5 and CYR32‐61 may have more tolerance to UV‐B radiation than CYR32. The results are significant for understanding mechanisms of Pst virulence variations and implementing sustainable management of wheat stripe rust.
Highlights
Wheat stripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) is a worldwide airborne disease with important economic significance (Chen, Wellings, Chen, Kang, & Liu, 2014; Chen, 2005; Li & Zeng, 2002; Line, 2002; Wan, Chen, & He, 2007; Wang et al, 2014)
The investigation results of epidemiological components in this study showed that the incubation period of each of the three Pst strains was prolonged by UV‐B radiation, which was consistent with the report by Cheng et al (2014)
Morphological observation results obtained using scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed that UV‐B radiation could lead to morphological changes of the urediospores of the three Pst strains and induce destruction to the spines on the surfaces of the urediospores
Summary
Wheat stripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) is a worldwide airborne disease with important economic significance (Chen, Wellings, Chen, Kang, & Liu, 2014; Chen, 2005; Li & Zeng, 2002; Line, 2002; Wan, Chen, & He, 2007; Wang et al, 2014). Ultraviolet‐B (UV‐B, 280–315 nm) radiation is one of the influencing environmental fac‐ tors that can induce virulence variation of Pst (Huang, Wang, Kang, & Zhao, 2005; Jing, Shang, & Li, 1993; Shang, Jing, & Li, 1994; Wang, Zhu, Huang, Wei, & Kang, 2009). Pst can be induced to produce new pathogenic strains using artificial radiation‐ induced mutation methods (Hu et al, 2014; Huang et al, 2005; Kang et al, 2015; Shang et al, 1994; Wang et al, 2009), among which UV‐B radiation is an important measure. Exploring the mechanisms of Pst virulence variation induced by UV‐B radiation can provide a scientific basis for understanding the “loss” of wheat resistance to stripe rust
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