Abstract
Nanofluids are liquid suspensions where nano-materials are dispersed into a base fluid. The nano-scale additives generate superior thermophysical properties for the nanofluids than the base fluids. In particular, nanofluids have shown significantly enhanced heat transfer capacity compared to traditional working fluids. In some cases, nanofluids may increase the effective conductivity of 40 even at low particle volume fractions, making them promising for applications in more efficient and compact heat exchangers. Geothermal energy is a sustainable and renewable energy source that can be used to produce electricity, space heating/cooling, and other industrial applications. This paper investigated the potential of applying nanofluids as working fluids to extract more energy from reservoirs and to improve exploitation of the geothermal resources, by increasing the returning fluid temperature. Sensitivity analyses have been performed to demonstrate the importance of fluid viscosity and heat capacity in geothermal energy production, and nanofluids again have superior performance in heat transfer.
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