Abstract
The study of thermo-physical characteristics is essential to observe the impact of several influential parameters on temperature and velocity fields. The transportation of heat in fluid flows and thermal instability/stability is a charming area of research due to their wider applications and physical significance because of their utilization in different engineering systems. This report is prepared to study thermal transportation in Maxwell hybrid nanofluid past over an infinite stretchable vertical porous sheet. An inclusion of hybrid nanofluid is performed to monitor the aspects of thermal transportation. Keeping in mind the advantages of thermal failure, non-Fourier theory for heat flux model is utilized. Aspects of external heat source are also considered. The mathematical formulation for the considered model with certain important physical aspects results in the form of coupled nonlinear PDEs system. The obtained system is reduced by engaging boundary layer approximation. Afterwards, transformations have been utilized to convert the modeled PDEs system into ODEs system. The converted nonlinear ODEs system is then handled via finite element method coded in symbolic computational package MAPLE 18.0. Grid independent survey is presented for the validation of used approach and the comparative analysis has been done to confirm the reliability of obtained solution. The obtained solution is discussed and physical aspects have been explored and recorded against numerous involved influential variables. Motion into hybrid nanoparticles and nanoparticles becomes slow down versus higher values of Forchheimer and Darcy’s porous numbers. Thermal growth is enhanced for the case of hybrid nano-structures rather than for case of nanofluid. Thickness regarding momentum layer is dominated for hybrid nanoparticles rather than case of nanoparticles.
Highlights
The study of thermo-physical characteristics is essential to observe the impact of several influential parameters on temperature and velocity fields
Wall temperature past over an elastic vertical plate. They examined the impact on opposing and assisting flow for different emerging parameters. They recorded the increase in temperature field against buoyancy parameter and decrease in velocity field against fluid relaxation time
Thermal transportation in MHD fractional Maxwell model with dissipation was studied by Bai et al.[6]
Summary
Finite element method is implemented and computer code is developed to handle the complex coupled (ordinary differential equations) ODEs which results after modeling the Maxwell fluid model with heat transport. Residuals of current ODEs are integrated and weighted and residuals of considered problem are ηe+1. The weak procedures are made via weighted residuals. − 41 KKfhn(ρf (CρpC)phn)ff Pr δ 2∗(3η ddψηi ψj − η2 ddψηj ddψηi ) + δ KKhnf f Pr Hsf ddψηi ψj. Mesh free study is carried out and convergence is ensured. It is observed that investigation related to mesh-free for 300 elements is simulated. Computation investigation is simulated within 300 elements of considered problem. Numerical simulations related to temperature gradient and skin friction coefficient are captured against various indicated numerical values of parameters. An indigenous computer is running and simulate considered problem in view of iterative manner. Errors related various parameters are simulated by Table 4
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