Abstract
Thermal ablation (TA) is known as an alternative therapy to surgery to treat tumors. However, TA-based therapy requires advanced approaches in order to prevent causing damage to healthy tissue around the tumor and selectively target the desired area. Nanoparticles are considered as a promising tool in biomedicine to fulfill these requirements. This study was carried out in order to analyze the effect of iron oxide nanoparticles on the temperature increment during radiofrequency ablation therapy of porcine liver. In addition, this research aimed to experimentally evaluate the impact of two solvents such as agarose and chitosan on the temperature change, when magnetic nanoparticles were dispersed in them. The iron oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by the solvothermal method demonstrating the magnetic properties by acting to the external magnetic field. To increase the local heat superparamagnetic nanoparticles (iron oxide magnetic nanoparticle (IONPs)) of the average size of 20 nm in size and the concentrations from 1 to 10 mg/mL of MNPs with a step size of 1 mg/mL were tested in 10 replicates for each concentration and solvent. Moreover, the temperature changes for dry liver, and 0 mg/mL concentration was checked for calibration and reference purposes. As a sensing system, advanced 16-FBG optical fiber sensors connected to an interrogator were employed allowing the temperature change to be monitored accurately in real time. A maximum temperature of about 142 °C was recorded by a 5 mg/mL concentration of iron oxide nanoparticles dispersed in the agarose solvent.
Highlights
IntroductionMinimal invasive techniques have attracted interest in cancer treatment as a possible alternative to the surgery offering lower pain, a smaller area of trauma, and the possibility of reaching inaccessible locations inside the tumor [3]
The thermal map of the ablation outcomes on the tissue is demonstrated in Figure 8 during the application of iron oxide nanoparticles dispersed in agarose solvent for the radiofrequency ablation process
The other vital parameters of nanoparticles used for the thermal therapy are the concentration of nanoparticles that is in direct proportion to the sum of the generated heat, and the dynamic viscosity that influences the amount of generated heat by Brownian relaxation
Summary
Minimal invasive techniques have attracted interest in cancer treatment as a possible alternative to the surgery offering lower pain, a smaller area of trauma, and the possibility of reaching inaccessible locations inside the tumor [3]. Thermal ablation therapy is considered as a minimally invasive method working on the principle of introducing heat to cancerous cells and eliminating them by generating cytotoxic temperatures over a short period. Radiofrequency ablation has been the focus of interest of many researchers and clinicians offering several advantages: the ability to be deployed for the treatment of many types of tumor can achieve efficient cell elimination, the safe limited demand of resources, and causes less discomfort to patients, with a short recovery period [4,5]. There are commercially available RF probes used by clinicians, among which the advanced LeVeen probes offer the reduction in ablation time and pressure during radiofrequency ablation (RFTA) [7]
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