Investigation of the structural stability of polycrystalline cBN under near-industrial grinding process conditions

Abstract

Cubic boron nitride (cBN) is an important material in the cutting and metal processing industries due to its exceptional hardness and high thermal stability, which allows it to withstand temperatures up to 1400 °C without decomposing. These properties make cBN and, with that, polycrystalline cBN (PcBN) ideal materials for high-speed machining and other applications, resulting in increased efficiency and reduced costs in production processes. Despite its established importance, the possibility of phase transformations into hexagonal boron nitride phases or partial amorphization during industrial PcBN grinding processes remains unclear and, due to the deteriorated mechanical characteristics, raised recently some concerns about possible losses of cBN's hardness, wear resistance, and abrasive properties. In order to address this issue and for identifying such potential structural changes, a commercial PcBN grade was exposed to near-industrial grinding process conditions and then characterized in detail by conventional (scanning) transmission electron microscopy (S)TEM and (scanning) electron diffraction techniques. To understand the influence of the PcBN machining on the material, the grinding process also needs to be assessed via the identification of chip formation mechanisms, which is as well addressed in this work. The main outcome of this study, combining a material analysis and a manufacturing technology point of view, is that there is so far no evidence of any structural instabilities of PcBN under usual processing conditions.