Investigation of the stress-strain state of the wall and bottom of cylindrical tanks for the storage of explosive substances

Abstract

Using the method of mathematical modeling, as well as the laws of thermodynamics, analytical dependences were obtained to study the stress-strain state of spherical tanks depending on the different surface temperatures of this structure. The calculations performed showed that the radial stresses are insignificant compared to the tangential ones, which act on tension. The greatest absolute value of tangential stresses is taken on the inner surface of the spherical structure, acting in tension and on the outer surface – compression. The investigation results are presented graphically.
 Explosive and toxic substances are a major component of military bases stored in special-purposes tanks, namely spherical tanks, which are one of the most common. As a result of sabotage or arson of these tanks, there is a leak of toxic substances and the formation of steam and gas clouds which can lead to an explosion, significant thermal radiation, and the possibility of infection of military equipment, territory, and various objects in the vicinity of the accident, including personnel, which makes it impossible to conduct hostilities for a long time.
 Analyzing the experience of accidents at similar facilities, several types of accidents of spherical gasholders during their depressurization are possible, namely: explosion, flare, fireball, fire of toxic substances and the presence of a saturated explosive cloud. Analyzing the extraordinary accidents in the places of storage of toxic, explosive substances and fuels and lubricants, which are related to the violation of their storage and exploitation, allows us to conclude that this is a global problem of today. Therefore, to prevent explosion and fire hazards, the strength of engineering structures that contain toxic and explosive substances are quite high requirements. 
 One of the main tasks in the general problem of explosion and fire safety is the ability to timely warn or prevent accidental explosions on building, military or explosion-proof structures, as well as personnel nearby. Therefore, the impact of temperature on special-purpose tanks due to sabotage, natural factors and abnormal cases on the strength characteristics of engineering structures of this type are important, both theoretically and practically.