Abstract
Purpose To investigate the protective effect of rosmarinic acid (RA) in ovarian ischemia/reperfusion injury using biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical methods.Methods Wistar female rats (n = 32) were randomly divided into four groups: control, ischemia, ischemia-reperfusion, and ischemia-reperfusion with RA. Rosmarinic acid was given at a dose of 50 mg/kg by oral gavage three hours after reperfusion. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were determined in the ovary tissue homogenates for each rat.Results In the ischemia-reperfusion with RA group, the epithelial cells are regularly regulated at the periphery, and the degenerative changes in preantral and antral follicle cells are reduced. Follicle cells and cells in the corpus luteum showed a decrease in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression, while VEGF demonstrated a positive reaction in vascular endothelial cells and stromal cells. The TNF-α expression due to the decreased degenerative effect and inflammation was positive in the macrophage cells. The expression of caspase-3 as an apoptosis change was negative in antral follicle cells and granular cells around the antral follicle.Conclusion Different doses of RA may be useful in preventing ischemic damage after vascularization, inflammation, and apoptotic development after ischemia/reperfusion.
Highlights
Ovarian torsion is a necrotic condition in the tissue that causes a significant decrease in the blood flow of the ovaries
Cell membrane lipids are the most sensitive structures affected by reactive oxygen species (ROS), and several substances are produced during the lipid oxidation process
Histopathological, and immunohistochemical parameters to determine the efficacy of rosmarinic acid (RA) on ischemia and reperfusion injuries in rat ovaries
Summary
Ovarian torsion is a necrotic condition in the tissue that causes a significant decrease in the blood flow of the ovaries. Detorsion can cause significant damage to the tissue, even if the blood flow returns. Most cases of ovarian torsion occur during the reproductive period. Adnexal cysts are thought to be risk factors for ovarian torsion in cases of ovarian growth, such as ovarian hyperstimulation or pregnancy, and the hypoxicity of ovarian propria and infundibulopelvic ligaments[1]. The production of excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) with increased neutrophil infiltration causes increased damage. Cell membrane lipids are the most sensitive structures affected by ROS, and several substances are produced during the lipid oxidation process. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is one of the most important end products of lipid peroxidation and is used to indicate the level of oxidative damage[2]
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