Investigation of the retinal biocompatibility of acid violet for chromovitrectomy

Abstract

The primary objective was to investigate the retinal biocompatibility of acid violet (AV) as a vital dye for chromovitrectomy. The secondary objective was to evaluate the capacity of AV to stain the anterior capsule of the lens. An amount of 0.05 ml of 0.25 g/l and 0.5 g/l AV was injected intravitreally in the OD, while balanced salt solution (BSS) was applied in the OS for control. Clinical examination and histology with light microscopy (LM) were performed after 7 days. Retinal cell layers were evaluated for morphologic alterations and number of cells. The electroretinographic (ERG) changes were assessed at baseline and 7 days. In another part of the study, 0.1 ml of 0.25 g/l AV was injected into the anterior chamber of ex-vivo porcine eyes, and its capacity to stain the anterior capsule was determined. Cadaveric eyes were used to test the capacity of AV to stain the internal limitant membrane (ILM) during vitrectomy. The gross histopathologic appearance of the retina, choroids, sclera, and optic nerve was within normal limits, without any signs of severe retinal necrosis or cystic degeneration. AV caused no substantial retinal alterations in retinal layers by LM at either the lower or higher dose when compared with the control eye. The injection of AV did not induce considerable ERG alterations. The violet dye stained the anterior capsule after anterior chamber injection and the ILM, allowing a safer capsulorrhexis and vitrectomy. Acid violet may be safe for the retina at concentrations of 0.25 and 0.50 g/l after intravitreous injection, and may be used as a vital dye for staining the anterior capsule and the ILM.