Investigation of the relaxing effect of a camphor nanoemulsion on rat isolated trachea

Abstract

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease that targeting lower airways, being characterized by bronchial smooth muscle hyper responsiveness and mucus hypersecretion. Asthma is considered the most common respiratory disease in the world, affecting approximately 235 million individuals. The main therapy sometimes fails to establish clinical improvement in patients, which leads to a constant search for new alternatives. Camphor is a transparent solid monoterpene with a strong aroma, which due to its high lipophilicity is insoluble in water. Nanostructured carrier systems have shown promise as a delivery system for lipophilic compounds such as monoterpenes. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the relaxant effect of nanoemulsified camphor (NEC), as well as the mechanism of action of that monoterpene, in isolated rat trachea. The results obtained demonstrated that NEC promote relaxation of the isolated rat trachea when smooth muscle contraction was induced by both carbachol (CCh) and KCl, presenting a pCE50 of 2.25 ± 0.27 and 3.30 ± 0.07, respectively. In the presence of dexamethasone (DEXA), tetraethylammonium (TEA), glibenclamide (GLIB), 1H-[1,2,4]-oxadiazole-[4,3,-a]-quinoxaline-1-one (ODQ) and ruthenium red (RR) there was a significant difference in at least one of the evaluated pharmacological parameters, such as concentration-response curves shape, Emax or pCE50.As conclusion, NEC may be involved with β-adrenergic receptors, channels for K+ sensitive to ATP (KATP) or Channels for K+ opened by Ca2+ (KCa), increase in prostanoids and with receptor channel with transient potential (TRPv). In conclusion, β-adrenergic receptors, prostanoids, nitric oxide (NO), ATP-sensitive K+ channels (KATP), Ca2+-opened K+ channels (KCa), and transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V (TRPV) are involved in the relaxing effect of NEC.In addition, the mechanism of action of NEC may be involved with the signal transduction pathway Nitric Oxide/soluble guanylyl cyclase/cGMP/cGMP-activated protein kinase. NEC, therefore, demonstrates spasmolytic activity when presenting tracheal relaxation compared to CCh and KCl contracturants.