Abstract
With the socio-economic development in China, the central government pays more and more attention to innovations. Universities, research institutes, and industries (URI) are the main bodies of innovation. Therefore, in order to perform sustainable development of innovation, it is essential for Chinese policy makers to better understand the relationship among URI innovations. In this paper, indicators for evaluating URI innovations are collected, which are classified into three subsystems. Utilizing regional data from 2009–2015 in China, the entropy method is subsequently used to examine the contribution of indicators to the relative innovation subsystems. Then, a coupling coordination degree model is developed based on the physical concept “coupling” to investigate the relationship of URI innovation subsystems in China. The results reveal that in the period of study: (1) research and development (R&D) input and output indicators are both important to the regional innovation levels of URI, namely, they are critical for improving the coupling coordination degree among the three innovation subsystems; (2) There is an increasing trend of the coupling coordination of URI innovation system in China; however, the gap between regions/provinces becomes larger due to different innovative resource endowments and socio-economic development conditions. The results shown in this paper can provide important implications for policy makers to obtain the sustainable development of URI innovation subsystems in China.
Highlights
It is well known that universities and research institutes play a critical role to modern society through generating knowledge and educating large proportions of the population [1]
Researchers input y3 research and development (R&D) project funding y4 The number of published scientific papers y5 The number of patents y6 The number of research institutes y7 The number of scientific publishing works y8
UURI ccoollaboration has some prooblems in China, such as the unbalanced research funding structure and development level of regional University–research institute–industry (URI) collabboorraattiioonn
Summary
It is well known that universities and research institutes play a critical role to modern society through generating knowledge and educating large proportions of the population [1]. In addition to education and research, universities and research institutes have been undertaken different kinds of roles, such as public service, improving regional socio-economic development and national competitiveness, etc. A “third mission” has been assigned to many universities and research institutes through strengthening contact with knowledge users and promoting technology transfer, on the initiative of government [2,3,4]. Strategies and methods are needed to be developed to cope with the problems, effectively transfer research results to Chinese industry to improve its competitiveness and innovation sustainability [15], and improve the effect of URI innovation cooperation. Among the strategies and methods, one of the critical steps is to investigate the dynamic state of coordination relationship of URI innovations in different regions in China. Examining the relationship can further provide diverse strategy for regions to improve the sustainability of URI innovation cooperation
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