Abstract
Dispersed particle gel (DPG) particles of nano- to micron- to mm-size have been prepared successfully and will be used for profile control treatment in mature oilfields. The profile control and enhanced oil recovery mechanisms of DPG particles have been investigated using core flow tests and visual simulation experiments. Core flow test results show that DPG particles can easily be injected into deep formations and can effectively plug the high permeability zones. The high profile improvement rate improves reservoir heterogeneity and diverts fluid into the low permeability zone. Both water and oil permeability were reduced when DPG particles were injected, but the disproportionate permeability reduction effect was significant. Water permeability decreases more than the oil permeability to ensure that oil flows in its own pathways and can easily be driven out. Visual simulation experiments demonstrate that DPG particles can pass directly or by deformation through porous media and enter deep formations. By retention, adsorption, trapping and bridging, DPG particles can effectively reduce the permeability of porous media in high permeability zones and divert fluid into a low permeability zone, thus improving formation profiles and enhancing oil recovery.
Highlights
Oil recovery occurs through three main processes: primary, secondary, and tertiary recovery [1]
The larger shearing forces are conducted to the bulk gel, which forms Dispersed particle gel (DPG) particles of nano-size or micron-size, in turn, forming DPG particles of mm size
The DPG particles with nano- to micronto mm size were used for profile control treatment
Summary
Oil recovery occurs through three main processes: primary, secondary, and tertiary recovery [1]. Primary recovery refers to the volume of oil produced by the natural energy available in the reservoir. Once the natural reservoir energy has been depleted, and the well oil production rates decline during primary recovery, additional energy to maintain the formation pressure is necessary [2]. Water is injected into oil reservoirs to complement or increase the original energy within the reservoir. This process is called secondary recovery or water flooding injection. The change in flow results in the breakthrough of the injection water into producing wells along the high permeability channels or fractures, thereby reducing oil production. The foam injection technique has a short validity because of unsustainable nitrogen or air sources
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