Abstract
The paper presents the results of investigations of the mechanisms of spray of droplets generation within wind wave interaction obtained under laboratory conditions on the High-speed Wind-Wave Flume of the Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences. For the research, a multi-angle high-speed video system used together shadow method, including underwater illumination. The results allowed for the classification of mechanismsleading to the formation of droplets. Three main types of phenomena responsible for the generation of the spume droplets near the wave crest were specified: breakage of liquid ligaments, bursting of large submerged bubbles, and bag breakup. The last and less known mechanism claims to be dominant for high wind speeds and it was described in detail.
Highlights
One of the most striking example of multiphase aerodynamic processes in environmenta is the tearing of droplets from wavy water surface under influence of wind friction, which leads to the formation of a sea spray
According to the concept of re-entrant spray put forward by Andreas in [1], the contribution of spray to the energy flux is dominated by spume droplets: spray mechanically torn off the crests of breaking waves, which rapidly sediments under the effects of gravity before a significant fraction of its volume has time to evaporate
The spray-mediated momentum flux is dominated by the spume droplets, which are the main contributors to the volume flux of sea spray as was shown [8, 9]
Summary
One of the most striking example of multiphase aerodynamic processes in environmenta is the tearing of droplets from wavy water surface under influence of wind friction, which leads to the formation of a sea spray. It remains challenging to arrive at estimates for the efficiency of the spray-mediated fluxes because the number and parameters of spume droplets ejected from the water surface into the atmosphere at high winds are uncertain due to both difficulties in taking measurements under storm conditions and uncertainties in the mechanisms of spray generation. This work showed the development of small liquid ligaments, mainly on the crests of breaking waves, that stretch and break, producing one or two droplets.
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