Investigation of the Ionosphere and of the Interplanetary Gas With the Aid of Artificial Satellites and Space Rockets

Abstract

I. Introduction 479 1. Summary of Results of Experiments with High-Altitude Rockets 480 2. Certain Problems in Present-Day Research 482 3. Features of Various Types of Experiments with the Aid of Satellites and Rockets 484 II. Doppler Effect at Frequencies 485 4. Elimination of the Optical Component of the Doppler Frequency Shift 487 5. Difference in the Doppler Frequency Shifts of the Ordinary and Extraordinary Waves — the Rotational Doppler Effect 488 6. Certain Experimental Results 489 III. Amplitude of the Signals from a Satellite or a Rocket 490 7. Investigation of the Inhomogeneous Structure of the Ionosphere 491 8. Antipode Effect and Other Phenomena of Long-Distance Propagation of Satellite Signals around the Earth 492 9. Radio Rise and Radio Setting of a Satellite 493 IV. Plasma Perturbations Produced by the Satellite 495 10. Disturbance to the Concentration of Particles in the Electric Field around a Satellite or a Rocket 496 11. Experimental Data on the Scattering of Waves by Satellite Trails; Other Effects 497 12. Analysis of the Experimental Data on the Scattering of Waves 499 13. Feasibility of Measurements by Means of Various Probes 500 V. Conclusion 501