Abstract
One of the major aims of this investigation is to fill the gap of the interaction of ionomer particles and Vulcan XC-72 (VXC-72) aggregates in a catalyst ink. The dispersion of catalyst ink not only depends on the solvent, but also depends on the interaction of Nafion and carbon particles in the ink. The interaction of Nafion® ionomer particles and Vulcan XC-72 catalyst aggregates in liquid media was studied using ultra small angle x-ray scattering (USAXS) and cryogenic TEM technologies. A Functionalized Vulcan XC-72 (FVXC-72) system was introduced to study the interaction behavior. A multiple curve fitting was used to extract the particle size, size distribution and geometry from scattering data. The results suggest that the particle size, size distribution and geometry of each system changed significantly from Nafion + Vulcan XC-72 system to Nafion + FVXC-72 system which indicated that interaction among components (i.e. ionomer particles and Vulcan XC-72 aggregates) exists. The cryogenic TEM, by which the size and geometry of particles in a liquid can be directly observed, was used to validate the scattering results, which shows the excellent agreement.
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