Abstract
This chapter presents the investigation of the influence of free thermal convection on heat transfer through granular material. Experiments were conducted to determine the dependence of free convection in granular materials on the different variables. A plate apparatus, which essentially corresponds to the American and German standard specifications, served as the experimental equipment. The schematic diagram of the experimental equipment is shown. The effective thermal conductivity results from the measurements. It is composed of contributions by heat conduction, radiation and free convection. By vertical downward directed heat flow, no convection can occur since the layers are stable. The convection part therefore, can be determined as the difference between two measurements in different directions of heat flow. The radiation part is only important at higher temperatures. It is found that for gaseous void fluids it can approximately be determined by experiment or calculation. The experiments were conducted on horizontal layers with vertical upward and downward heat flow as well as on vertical layers with horizontal heat flow.
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