Abstract
Introduction : The clinical survival of a dental implant is directly related to its biomechanical behavior. Since short implants present lower bone/implant contact area, their design may be more critical to stress distribution to surrounding tissues. Photoelastic analysis is a biomechanical method that uses either simple qualitative results or complex calculations for the acquisition of quantitative data. In order to simplify data acquisition, we performed a pilot study to demonstrate the investigation of biomechanics via correlation of the findings of colorimetric photoelastic analysis (stress transition areas; STAs) of design details between two types of short dental implants under axial loads. Methods Implants were embedded in a soft photoelastic resin and axially loaded with 10 and 20 N of force. Implant design features were correlated with the STAs (mm2) of the colored fringes of colorimetric photoelastic analysis. Results Under a 10 N load, the surface area of the implants was directly related to STA, whereas under a 20 N load, the surface area and thread height were inversely related to STA. Conclusion A smaller external thread height seemed to improve the biomechanical performance of the short implants investigated.
Highlights
IntroductionStress distribution around implants is completely different than that around natural teeth
The clinical survival of a dental implant is directly related to its biomechanical behavior
A systematic review has shown that there can be more complications in patients with severe bone loss treated with vertical bone augmentation than in those treated with short dental implants (Esposito et al, 2009)
Summary
Stress distribution around implants is completely different than that around natural teeth. There is a physiological limit of tolerance for the stress linked to bone resorption, marginal chronic bone loss around implants may happen over time (Chun et al, 2002; Goodacre et al, 2003; Haruta et al, 2011; Khayat et al, 2013; Romanos et al, 2014; Tada et al, 2003) This loss can be attributed to surgical trauma, inflammation, excessive micromovements, and loading conditions. Eng. 2015 December; 31(4): 313-318 if stress concentration is related to the proximity of the fringes, the hypothesis of the present study is that the area occupied by this transition color is directly related to stress distribution This can be used as quantitative data that is obtained from photoelastic testing. The aim of the current pilot study was to analyze the biomechanics of short implants by correlating the findings of colorimetric photoelastic analysis (stress transition areas; STAs) with design details in two different types of short dental implants under axial loads
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