Abstract
Social considerations for a sustainable future lead to market demands for electromobility. Hence, electrical power distribution operators are concerned about the real ongoing problem of the electrification of the transport sector. In this regard, the paper aims to investigate the large-scale integration of electric vehicles in a Swedish distribution network. To this end, the integration pattern is taken into consideration as appears in the literature for other countries and applies to the Swedish culture. Moreover, different charging power levels including smart charging techniques are examined for several percentages of electric vehicles penetration. Industrial simulation tools proven for their accuracy are used for the study. The results indicate that the grid can manage about 50% electric vehicles penetration at its current capacity. This percentage decreases when higher charging power levels apply, while the transformers appear overloaded in many cases. The investigation of alternatives to increase the grid’s capabilities reveal that smart techniques are comparable to the conventional re-dimension of the grid. At present, the increased integration of electric vehicles is manageable by implementing a combination of smart gird and upgrade investments in comparison to technically expensive alternatives based on grid digitalization and algorithms that need to be further confirmed for their reliability for power sharing and energy management.
Highlights
Climate change is one of the greatest social challenges and to remedy this, it is required that the emissions of greenhouse gases must be drastically reduced
This study examines the impact of large-scale integration of electric vehicles (EVs) for a particular
In order to assess the capabilities of the distribution grid to absorb the EV high penetration and what the needs are for future investments would be, grid calculations have been done according to the abovementioned scenarios
Summary
Climate change is one of the greatest social challenges and to remedy this, it is required that the emissions of greenhouse gases must be drastically reduced. A milestone along the way is the ambition to convert the Swedish car fleet to be non-fossil by the year 2030 and as such, the emissions of greenhouse gases from domestic transport must be reduced by at least 70% by 2030 compared to 2010 [3]. To this end, vehicles based on non-fossil fuels are financially promoted, the necessary infrastructure is under expansion as well as the benefits and the culture of owning vehicles of alternative technology is promoted to local societies [4]. In Sweden since 2010, the share of electric cars has been continuously increasing every year [5]
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