Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common psychiatric conditions. Many studies have shown that exposure to low-dose bisphenol-A (BPA) can contribute to ADHD. The relationship between ADHD and composite resin is still unclear. We designed a nested case–control study to investigate the relationship between ADHD and composite resin restorations among children from the Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database. We included 85,503 people whose birth years were between 1998 and 2005 and who received resin restoration from January 2000 to December 2008. A 1:2 matched control sample without ADHD was randomly selected from the database by propensity score matching based on birth year and sex. We identified 4984 individuals as ADHD patients. The average diagnostic age of ADHD was 7.45 years old. The patients who received composite resin restorations had higher risk of ADHD than those who had never received them (aOR (adjusted odds ratio) = 1.25; 95% CI (confidence interval) = 1.13–1.38). Males had a higher risk of ADHD (aOR = 1.29; 95% CI = 1.14–1.43). Taken together, this nested case–control study demonstrated a positive association between ADHD and dental care via composite resin restoration in Taiwanese children. Prospective clinical studies of the relationship between ADHD and composite resin are warranted.
Highlights
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), characterized by developmentally inappropriate levels of hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention, is one of the most common childhood psychiatric conditions
The adjusted odds ratio (OR) of composite resin restoration for ADHD was 1.14 and 1.29 for non-composite resin restorations for females and males, respectively
Our study demonstrated a positive association between composite restorations and ADHD among children
Summary
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), characterized by developmentally inappropriate levels of hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention, is one of the most common childhood psychiatric conditions. Children are often diagnosed with ADHD during preschool years following symptoms such as frequent fidgeting or squirmy behaviors, an inability to follow instructions, and high distractibility. The consequences of ADHD can persist through adulthood if left untreated or uncontrolled. About 6.7% prevalence of ADHD was reported by US National Health Interview Survey from 1997 to 2000 [1]. In Taiwan, the prevalence of ADHD was estimated at approximately 9.9% [2]. The exact etiology of ADHD is still unclear. High urinary concentrations of BPA have been associated with ADHD occurrence in US children [3]
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