Investigation of the heat generation and spontaneous ignition of disaster waste generated after the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake

Abstract

The Great East Japan Earthquake that occurred on 11 March 2011 was the largest earthquake in recent Japanese history, and resulted in the generation of large amounts of disaster waste. As a result, many ‘outdoor storage areas’ were established within disaster areas. These piles include various combustible materials such as wood, paper, and plastics, as well as non-combustible materials from destroyed buildings. More than 30 fires occurred in succession at waste storage areas in the Tohoku region, from May to September 2011.One of the causes of these fires is believed to be the proliferation of microorganisms and fermentation of organic material present in the waste piles; the heat generated during fermentation may ultimately result in spontaneous ignition. In this study, we collected samples from outdoor storage areas at which fires have occurred. We then conducted thermal analyses to obtain basic data, and finally developed safety measures to prevent the recurrence of fire. Based on the results, it was reveal that when the amount of heat generated exceeds the amount of heat discharged, the possibility increases for the heat of fermentation that arises from the rotten tatami mats and wood chips and the like to trigger of spontaneous ignition.